Reflection Journal of Teaching Practice

1.        Introduction

Last mont, students of the English education carried out school internship program 1 & 2. The program started on March 6 – April 28, 2023. My friends and I did our internship  at Bina Kusuma Vocational School. I feel that the program that have taken place have provided tremendous benefit. I learned so many things during this school internship program. In my reflection about this program, I focus in the four aspect that is important, the four aspects including:

a.    Teaching material

b.    Teaching media

c.    Classroom management and

d.    Teaching strategy

2.        Preparation

a.      Teaching material

Sure, here are some tips of preparation I use in teaching materials:

·         I review the learning objectives for the lesson, ensuring that my materials are aligned with the lesson's goals and that I cover all the required content.

·         I gather and organize my materials, which involves locating or creating handouts, worksheets, or other necessary resources for the lesson.

·         I plan my activities, considering how I will introduce the material, engage students in learning, and assess their comprehension.

·         I practice my delivery by rehearsing the lesson in front of a mirror or with a friend, aiming for clarity and conciseness in my presentation.

b.      Teaching media

Based on the materials that I have taught since I completed School Internship Program 1 & 2, it is about narrative and recount text. Here are some media I use to teach, including narrative and recount text:

·         Audiolingual. Audiolingual teaching emphasizes the use of audio recordings. It is grounded in listening and speaking, rather than reading and writing.

·         Textbooks. Textbooks are a widely used instructional resource for teaching narrative and recount text. They typically offer students a range of learning materials, including grammar exercises, vocabulary lists, and reading passages.

·         Videos. Videos are an engaging and captivating medium that can be used to teach narrative and recount text. They can serve as illustrative examples of diverse narrative and recount text types.

 

 

c.       Classroom management

As a teacher, to prepared in managed the students I use some tips like:

·         Clear set of rules

·         Variety of teaching methods

·         Good communication

 

d.      Teaching strategy

To prepare about the teaching stategy including narrative and recount text, I used some strategies like:

·         Review the different elements of narrative and recount text, such as the language features used.

·         Make group discussion.

3.        What went well

Based on my feelings and experiences during school internship program at SMK Binakusuma, the four important points that I have previously mentioned did not work effectively. This is due to various reasons.

4.    Challenges faced

In teaching media and teaching materials, all learning materials are sourced from one book, although there are additional resources, they are limited, which is why we predominantly use one book and students find it difficult to understand. After tahat, in classroom management students are hard to control. And in the teaching strategies I used are not easily accepted by students.

5.    Lessons learned

To address the challenges regarding teaching media, teaching materials, classroom management, and teaching strategies, here are some tips I use to help improve the situation:

·         Teaching material

Incorporate supplementary materials such as articles, online resources, videos, or interactive activities that can enhance students' understanding. This variety can make learning more engaging and cater to different learning styles.

·         Teaching media

Break down complex concepts into smaller, more manageable parts. Use real-life examples, hands-on activities to make the material more relatable and accessible.

·         Classroom management

Establish clear rules within the classroom to improve classroom management. Create a supportive and inclusive atmosphere where students feel comfortable expressing their thoughts and concerns. Implement strategies such as positive reinforcement, individualized attention, and effective communication to maintain discipline and control.

·         Teaching strategy

Evaluate and adapt the teaching strategies to better suit the needs and preferences of the students. To evaluate, Regularly seek feedback from your students to understand their challenges and preferences. This feedback used to make necessary adjustments to your teaching approach and to address specific student needs.

6.    What would you do differently

If I was to teach the same lesson again I used different ways to teach the material. It is include changes approach with students, refine my teaching strategies, adjustments the teaching plan and create a more effective learning environment for my students.

7.    Conclusion

Based on my reflection during school intership program 1 & 2 in Bina Kusuma Vocatinal Scool, I found the four powert point that I used as teacher, it is including: teaching material, teaching media, classroom management and teaching strategy. Based on the powert point that show, I found there are problems during I am as a teacher in the class, including: the sourced from one book, students difficult to understand, students are hard to control and they are not easily accepted the strategies. To solve the problem I use: Incorporate supplementary materials,break down complex concepts into smaller, establish clear rules, evaluate and adapt the teaching and regularly seek feedback from the students.

 

 

 

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PUBLIC SPEAKING

            Speaking is the act of expressing thoughts, ideas, or feelings through the use of words, either verbally or through sign language. It is a fundamental aspect of human communication and allows individuals to share information, convey emotions, and build relationships with others. Speaking involves the use of the voice, mouth, and tongue to produce sounds and words that are understandable to others. It can take many forms, including conversation, public speaking, storytelling, or simply chatting with friends. Effective speaking requires good communication skills, clarity, confidence, and the ability to engage and connect with an audience.

According to Bailey 2000:25 (Bailey 2005.) Speaking is a process of interaction where speakers intend to build meaning,through producing receiving and processing information. Therefore, it is clear that the pronunciation must be clear so that the message to be conveyed can be understood. Therefore, the author tries to overcome the difficulties and solve the problem of the difficulty of speaking in English. Speaking is a productive language skill (Siahaan, 2008:95). It means that speaking is a person‟s skills to produce sounds that exists at the meaning and be understood by other people, so that able to create of good communication. Furthermore, speaking  is  the  use  of  language  to communicate  with  other (Fulcher, 2003:23)

Public speaking is the act of delivering a speech or presentation to a live audience. It involves sharing information, opinions, or ideas with a group of people in a way that engages, informs, and possibly persuades them or Public speaking is the act of speaking in front of a live audience with the goal of informing, entertaining, persuading, or inspiring them. Public speaking can take many forms, such as a lecture, a keynote speech, a business presentation, a political address, or a motivational talk. It can be delivered in a variety of settings, including conferences, seminars, classrooms, meetings, and events. Effective public speaking requires good communication skills, confidence, and the ability to connect with your audience. It is an important skill for professionals, leaders, educators, and anyone who wants to communicate effectively with others.

Public speaking is all about sharing information, ideas or opinions on a particular issue of interest and importance to your audience. In other words, the major task of a public speaker is to hold his audience's interest and attention on a given topic for a stipulated period of time. Unfortunately, a brilliant person may fail in speech presentation even with his brilliant phrases. In public speaking, the- speech serves as the pivot of the basic things: the speaker, the subject under discussion and the audience whom the speech is meant for.

 

According to Ezeukwu, "Public communication or speaking is a third concentric setting face -to-face communication in which one person speaks while a considerable number of other people listen". Invariably, this exchange of message is usually between a person who is referred to as the speaker or the source for he receives the stimulus and acts on it while the remaining others just play a complimentary role which is to listen to the speaker (Tubbs and Moss ). However, in some cases, the members of the audience, in addition to playing a complementary role, make their own contributions in terms of further discussions or asking questions.

Public speaking is a way for someone to make his ideas known to the public (Do & Dang, 2012); it is a process, an act and an art in delivering speeches before an audience (Nikitina, 2011) usually with preparation (Lightfoot, 2010) in a structured and planned manner that aims to inform, influence, or entertain the audience (Salim & Joy, 2016). Public speaking technique refers to the various methods and strategies that one can use to deliver effective speeches or presentations to an audience. Public speaking is the art of delivering a message or presentation to a live audience.

The purpose of public speaking is to communicate ideas, information, or messages to an audience. Public speaking can be used to persuade, inform, motivate, inspire, educate, entertain, or create a connection with the audience. It is a means of sharing one's thoughts and emotions with a group of people, and can be used in a variety of settings, including business, education, politics, and entertainment.

Public speaking skills are important in many aspects of life, including career advancement, personal growth, and leadership development. Effective public speaking can help individuals build confidence, develop their communication skills, and enhance their ability to influence and persuade others. It can also be used to build relationships, create a sense of community, and foster collaboration and teamwork.

Overall, the purpose of public speaking is to convey a message in a clear, compelling, and engaging manner that resonates with the audience and achieves the desired outcome.

The goals of public speaking can vary depending on the specific context and audience, but generally, there are a few key objectives that speakers strive to achieve:

1. Inform: One of the primary goals of public speaking is to inform the audience about a particular topic, idea, or issue. The speaker may be sharing facts, statistics, research, or other types of information to help the audience better understand a subject.
2. Persuade: Another common goal of public speaking is to persuade the audience to take a particular action, adopt a certain viewpoint, or change their behavior. This might involve using emotional appeals, logical arguments, or personal stories to sway the audience.
3. Entertain: In some cases, the goal of public speaking is simply to entertain the audience. This might involve telling jokes, sharing personal anecdotes, or using humor to engage the audience and keep them entertained.
4. Inspire: Public speaking can also be used to inspire the audience and motivate them to take action. This might involve sharing personal stories of triumph over adversity, offering words of encouragement, or providing examples of successful role models.
5. Educate: Another important goal of public speaking is to educate the audience about a particular topic or issue. This might involve providing training or instruction on a particular skill or subject, or sharing insights and knowledge gained through personal experience or research.

Overall, the goals of public speaking are to engage the audience, communicate effectively, and achieve the desired outcome, whether that's to inform, persuade, entertain, inspire, or educate

In conclusion, public speaking is a critical component of effective communication skills. It enables individuals to express their thoughts and ideas in a clear, confident, and engaging manner, and to connect with their audience on a deeper level. Public speaking skills are essential for career advancement, leadership development, personal growth, social impact, and networking. By developing strong public speaking skills, individuals can become more persuasive, influential, and effective communicators, and achieve their goals with greater success. Whether in business, education, politics, or entertainment, the ability to speak publicly is a valuable asset that can enhance one's reputation, credibility, and impact.

 

REFERENCE

Lightfoot, A. (2010). Public Speaking Skills. Teaching English British Council, India.

Nikitina, A. (2011). Successful Public Speaking.

Ezeukwu Gab E. Essential of Public Speaking. Enugu: Feloks Communications, 2000

Tubbs, Stewart D. and Sylvia Moss. Human communication. New York: Randoin Hour

 

 

 

 

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WHATS IS E-READING?

    Reading is the process of interpreting written or printed words and symbols in order to understand their meaning. It involves the active engagement of the reader's brain in order to comprehend the text, make connections between ideas, and construct new knowledge. Reading can be done silently or aloud, and can be done for pleasure, information, or academic purposes. It is a fundamental skill that is essential for success in many aspects of life, including education, career, and personal development.

    In today's digital age, e-reading has become an increasingly popular way to access books, articles, and other forms of written content. E-reading refers to the act of reading digital content on electronic devices such as e-readers, tablets, smartphones, and laptops. The rise of e-reading has revolutionized the way we read, making it more convenient, accessible, and affordable than ever before. 

    E-reading, or electronic reading, refers to reading digital content on electronic devices such as e-readers, smartphones, tablets, and computers. E-reading allows users to access a vast library of digital content without the need for physical books or paper-based materials. Digital books, magazines, newspapers, and other types of electronic publications are widely available for download and can be accessed from anywhere at any time. E-reading has become increasingly popular in recent years, as it provides a convenient and portable way to read, as well as offering various features such as adjustable font sizes, highlighting and note-taking capabilities, and access to online dictionaries and other resources.

    E-reading, or electronic reading, refers to the act of reading digital text on an electronic device, such as a computer, tablet, e-reader, or smartphone. E-reading typically involves accessing and downloading books, articles, or other written materials in a digital format, which can be read using specialized software or apps. E-reading offers several advantages over traditional print reading, including the ability to carry multiple books or documents in one device, the ability to adjust font size and style for easier reading, and the convenience of being able to access reading materials from anywhere with an internet connection. However, some people still prefer the tactile experience of reading a physical book, and there are some concerns about the potential negative effects of excessive screen time on eye health and sleep patterns.

    E-reading, also known as electronic reading, refers to the act of reading digital texts on electronic devices such as e-readers, tablets, smartphones, or computers. E-reading materials may include e-books, digital magazines, academic papers, online articles, or other forms of digital content. E-reading is becoming increasingly popular due to its convenience, portability, and the availability of a wide range of digital reading materials. E-reading also offers various features such as adjustable font sizes, highlighting, note-taking, and easy access to dictionaries and other reference materials. E-reading has transformed the way we consume and interact with written content, making it more accessible and convenient for people of all ages and abilities:

Here are some of the benefits of e-reading:

1. Convenience:E-readers allow you to carry a library of books with you wherever you go.
2. Cost-effective: E-books are often less expensive than physical books.
3. Accessibility: E-readers offer features such as adjustable font sizes and text-to-speech, making them accessible for people with visual or reading disabilities.
4. Interactive features: E-readers often offer interactive features such as highlighting, note-taking, and search functions, making it easier to engage with and learn from the text.
5. Environmental friendliness: E-reading reduces paper usage and helps in preserving the environment by reducing the carbon footprint of book production and transportation.
6. Availability: E-reading allows you to access a wider range of books, including hard-to-find or out-of-print titles, which may not be available in physical bookstores.

    Overall, e-reading is a convenient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly way to access a wide range of reading materials.

    One of the biggest advantages of e-reading is convenience. With e-readers, you can carry thousands of books in one lightweight device, making it easy to take your entire library with you wherever you go. This is especially useful for frequent travelers who can easily access reading materials on the go. Additionally, e-readers offer features such as adjustable font sizes, bookmarks, and note-taking, which enhance the reading experience and make it easier to navigate through the content.

    E-reading is also more affordable than traditional reading methods. E-books are generally cheaper than print books, and in many cases, you can even access free e-books through public libraries or online bookstores. This makes reading more accessible to people who may not have the financial means to buy physical books.

    In conclusion, e-reading is an increasingly important and popular way to access reading materials. It offers many benefits, including greater access to information, improved digital literacy skills, more sustainable and cost-effective reading options, and an enhanced reading experience with interactive features. E-reading is becoming an integral part of the education system, providing students with a wider range of learning materials and helping to reduce costs. It is also a more sustainable option, reducing the environmental impact of traditional book publishing and distribution. Overall, e-reading is a valuable tool for anyone looking to access reading materials conveniently, efficiently, and cost-effectively.

    In conclusion, e-reading is an increasingly important and popular way to access reading materials. It offers many benefits, including greater access to information, improved digital literacy skills, more sustainable and cost-effective reading options, and an enhanced reading experience with interactive features. E-reading is becoming an integral part of the education system, providing students with a wider range of learning materials and helping to reduce costs. It is also a more sustainable option, reducing the environmental impact of traditional book publishing and distribution. Overall, e-reading is a valuable tool for anyone looking to access reading materials conveniently, efficiently, and cost-effectively.

REFERENCE

Anderson, R., Hiebert, E., Scott, J., & Wilkinson, I. (1985).Becoming a nation of readers: The report of the commission on reading. Washington, DC: National Institute of Education and the Center for the Study of Reading.

Brown, A., & Dowling, P. (2001).Doing research/reading research: A mode of interrogation for teaching. London, England: Routledge Falmer.

Snow, C. E., Burns, M. S., & Griffin, P. (Eds.). (1998). Preventing reading difficulties in young children. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/infants-toddlers-and-technology-in-early-childhood-settings/76214

 

 

 

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PEMBELAJARAN BERDIFERENSIASI

    Pendidikan merupakan interaksi antara pendidik dan peserta didik untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan dan berlangsung ditempat tertentu. Pendidikan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan potensi peserta didik secara manusiawi agar menjadikan setiap pribadi unggul dan mampu berdaya saing dalam ranah nasional dan internasional, sama dengan tujuan pendidikan nasional pasal 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional yaitu berkembangnya potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, kreatif mandiri dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab.

    Pendidikan akan memberi berbagai macam perubahan bagi manusianya. Salah satunya adalah perubahan strata sosial individu, dimana masyarakat bangsa Indonesia hanya mungkin terjadi jika memperoleh akses pendidikan yang sama merata untuk melahirkan suatu pendidikan yang dapat mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan pendidikan melahirkan keadilan sosial, hal ini tentu harus didukung oleh sistem yang dibangun secara bersama, sistem ini tentunya terdiri dari komponen utama yaitu pemilihan metode pendidikan yang tepat, guru dan saran pendidikan yang menunjang.

    Metode pembelajaran adalah cara yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan rencana yang telah disusun dalam bentuk kegiatan nyata dan praktis untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan. Dan dalam dunia pendidikan penggunaan sebuah metode dalam pembelajaran sangatlah penting dalam menunjang keberhasilan sebuah proses pembelajaran. Yang dimana dalam penerapan pembelajaran seorang guru mampu mendisimilaritaskan metode belajar agar pembelajaran terasa sangat menarik dan tidak membosankan yang membuat siswa jenuh dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Hal-hal seperti pengetahuan, lingkungan dan seperangkat tujuan pembelajaran dalam kurikulum akdemik merupakan dasar kriteria yang harus diadopsi dalam sebuah metode pembelajaran.

    Charles A. Tomlison dalam bukunya yang berjudul How to Differentiate on different instruction, memberikan contoh pelajaran yang menekankan perbedaan di antara setiap siswa. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi merupakan proses pembelajaran di mana siswa bisa mempelajari konten berdasarkan bakat mereka, apa yang mereka sukai, dan kebutuhan khusus mereka (Fox, 2011), (Tomlinson, 2001). Dalam metode pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang mengandung instruksi yang berbeda-beda dalam menerapkan pembelajaran memungkin guru untuk mengajar siswa sesuai dengan karakternya masing-masing. Dan dengan hal yang sama juga dapat dimanfaatkan oleh sekolah untuk memberikan kebebasan kepada siswa untuk belajar, karena seperti yang kita tahu bahwa tidak semua hal pembelajaran dapat dieksplor oleh siswa tetapi hal yang dianggapnya mampu saja yang akan dieksplor. Prinsip pembelajaran berdiferensiasi di kurikulum merdeka tidak hanya memperoleh pemahaman dan pengalaman belajar, tetapi juga upaya untuk membentuk profil pelajar Pancasila (Martanti et al., 2021). Nilai moral perlu diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran, salah satunya melalui Pendidikan Pancasila (Wadu et al., 2019)

    Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi atau differentiated instruction adalah model pendekatan pembelajran yang dikembangkan oleh para praktisi pendidikan untuk mengakomidasi kelemahan dalam program pendidikan bagi anak berbakat yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan program percepatan penuh atau pengayaan. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi adalah pembelajaran yang mengakomodir kebutuhan belajar murid. Pembelajaran berdiferensiasi merupakan pembelajaran yang berakar pada pemenuhan kebutuhan murid baik dari segi kesiapan belajar, minat, atau profil belajarnya dan bagaimana guru merespon kebutuhan belajar tersebut. Menurut Tomlinson (2000) juga dikatakan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi adalah usaha menyesuaikan pembelajaran di kelas untuk memenuhi kebutuhan belajar individu setiap murid.

 

 

Dalam buku Road to Guru Penggerak (2021) disebutkan bahwa pembelajaran berdiferensiasi adalah serangkaian kegiatan pembelajaran yang disusun berdasarkan kebutuhan siswa dan bertujuan untuk membantu siswa sukses dalam belajar. Dengan kata lain pembelajaran berdiferensiasi ini merupakan salah satu metode pembelajaran yang memberikan ruang bagi siswa untuk bisa meningkatkan potensi dirinya sesuai dengan kesiapan belajar serta minat belajar yang dimiliki oleh siswa. Dalam metode ini, siswa diberikan keleluasaan untuk memilih apa mereka ingin pelajari, bagaimana cara belajar yang dikehendaki, dan produk belajar apa yang ingin dihasilkan. Meski begitu, tetap harus memperhatikan batasan-batasan dan arahan yang diberikan oleh guru sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berlaku.

Menurut Theroux (2004), pembelajaran diferensiasi adalah pembelajaran yang menciptakan berbagai alur. Dengan demikian, perbedaan kemampuan, minat, dan pengalaman siswa diserap, digunakan, dikembangkan, dan disajikan sebagai sebuah konsep pembelajaran sehari-hari. Pembelajaran berdifierensiasi merupakan usaha menyesuaikan proses pembelajaran dengan memberikan beragam cara melalui diferensiasi konten, proses, produk serta lingkungan belajar dan asesmen awal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan belajar individu setiap murid. Atau dengan kata lain pembelajaran berdiferensiasi adalah pembelajaran yang sifatnya berfokus kepada kebutuhan belajar peserta didik.

Menurut Tamlinson (2000) pembelajaran berdiferensiasi yang efektif memiliki empat karekateristik, diantaranya :

• a)      Pembelajaran dengan konsep dan prinsip memberikan dorongan.

• b)      Penilaian berkelanjutan.

• c)      Menggunakan pengelompokan secara konsisten dan fleksibel.

• d)     Siswa aktif bereksplorasi dengan bimbingan dan arahan dari guru.

Hal lain diatas yang berkaitan dengan karakteristik pembelajaran berdiferensiasidijelaskan sebagai berikut :

1. 1)      Pembelajaran Berfokus Pada Konsep dan Prinsip Pokok

Dalam hal ini, siswa bisa mengeksplorasi konsep yang ada pada pokok bahan ajar. Cara ini membuat siswa dapat memahami dan menggunakan ide dari konsep yang diajarkan. Pada waktu yang bersamaan, siswa yang berbakat bisa memperluas pemahaman dan aplikasi konsep pokok tersebut.

Pengajaran dalam pembelajaran ini, menekankan kepada siswa agar bisa memahami materi pelajaran. Bukan menghafal serpihan informasi. Pengajaran berbasis konsep dan prinsip ini bisa mendorong guru untuk memberikan berbagai pilihan dalam belajar.

• 2)      Evaluasi Kesiapan dan Perkembangan Belajar Siswa

Evaluasi kesiapan dan perkembangan belajar siswa akan diakomodasi ke dalam kurikulum. Hal ini berarti tidak semua siswa membutuhkan satu kegiatan atau bagian tertentu daru proses pembelajaran secara sama. Guru harus melakukan evaluasi kesiapan dan minat siswa secara terus menerus dengan cara memberikan dukungan dan bimbingan tambahan, serta memperluas eksplorasi siswa.

1. 3)      Pengelompokan Siswa Secara Fleksibel

Dalam proses pembelajaran berdiferensiasi, terdapat pengelompokan siswa secara fleksibel. Siswa yang memiliki bakat biasanya belajar dengan berbagai pola, seperti belajar sendiri, berpasangan, atau berkelompok. Terkadang tugas perlu dibuat berdasarkan tingkat kesiapan siswa, gaya belajar, minat siswa, ataupun kombinasi antara minat, kesiapan, dan gaya belajar. Cara belajar klasik dan linier juga bisa digunakan untuk mengajarkan ide-ide baru.

1. 4)      Active Explorer (Siswa Penjelajah Aktif)

Bila terdapat siswa yang demikian, maka guru bertugas untuk membimbing eksplorasi tersebut. Karena berbagai kegiatan bisa terjadi dengan simultan di dalam kelas. Guru memiliki peran sebagai pembimbing dan fasilitator, bukan sebagai dispenser informasi.

Dalam mendiferensiasikan pengajaran, guru dapat memodifikasi lima unsur kegiatan mengajar, yaitu materi pelajaran, proses, produk, lingkungan dan evaluasi (Howard, 1999; Weinbrenner, 2001)

• a)      Substansi Pembelajaran

Dalam proses pembelajaran, guru memiliki tanggung jawab untuk memastikan semua siswa mempelajari materi pelajaran dalam kurikulim yang harus siswa kuasai. Tetapi, guru tidak harus mengajarkan materi tersebut pada semua siswa. Artinya, siswa yang sudah menguasai kompetensi atau bahan ajar, bisa mengurangi waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menguasai kompetensi dan bahan ajar tersebut. Mereka boleh meloncatinya.

 

• b)     Proses

Banyak sekali kegiatan yang bisa guru lakukan untuk memodifikasi proses pembelajaran dan pengajaran, diantaranya:

1.      Mengembangkan kecapakan berpikir.

Siswa yang berbakat harus mengembangkan kecapakannya dalam berpikir analitis, kritis, kreatif, dan organisasional. Guru bisa mengajarkan secara langsung kecapakan tersebut atau memadukan kecakapan dengan materi pembelajaran. Selain itu, kecapakan berpikir juga dapat dikembangkan lewat teknik bertanya.

2.      Hubungan dalam dan lintas disiplin. Siswa yang berbakat membutuhkan kecapakan berpikir tingkat tinggi, utamanya adalah kemampuan mengaplikasi, menganalisis, menyintesis, dan mengevaluasi. Siswa yang berbakat siap untuk belajar dengan kecapakan berpikir tinggi jika mereka mempunyai kecapakan untuk memecahkan suatu konsep atau ide, mengatur ulang fakta-fakta, ide dan konsep dalam kombinasi baru, menentukan nilai suatu ide, dan mengaplikasikan sesuatu yang sudah mereka kuasai dengan cara kreatif dan baru.

3.      Studi mandiri menjadi alternatif lain dalam melakukan modifikasi proses. Siswa yang berbakat ada juga yang senang bekerja sendiri, mulai dari menentukan topik, menentukan cara dan penyelesaian, menentukan sumber hingga menentukan format produk akhir studi. Guru bisa memberikan fasilitas kepada studi mandiri.

• c)      Produk

Guru bisa mendorong siswa yang akan memodifikasi produk dengan cara mendemonstrasikan hal-hal yang sudah dikerjakan atau dipelajari ke dalam berbagai format. Format tersebut bisa mencerminkan kemampuan atau pengetahuan untuk memanipulasi ide. Contohnya guru bisa meminta siswa untuk melakukan sintesis pengetahuan yang mereka perolah, daripada meminta mereka untuk menambah jumlah laporan dari suatu bab.

Selain itu, guru juga dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa yang berbakat untuk melakukan investigasi terhadap masalah riil yang terjadi di sekitarnya dan mempresentasikan solusinya. Misalnya, siswa diminta untuk melakukan investigasi polusi air kali atau emisi kendaraan, lalu hasilnya bisa disampaikan kepada instansi pemerintah.

• d)     Lingkungan Belajar

Iklim belajar yang ada di dalam kelas adalah faktor yang sangat memperngaruhi minat dan gaya belajar siswa secara langsung. Sikap guru juga sangat menentukan iklim belajar di dalam kelas. Lingkungan belajar yang sesuai yaitu terkandung di dalamnya sebuah kebebasan untuk memilih satu disiplin ilmu, kesempatan untuk mempraktikkan kreativitas, interaksi kelompok, kemandirian belajar, kompleksitas pemikiran, keterbukaan terhadap ide, mobolitas gerak, menerima opini, dan merentangkan belajar hingga keluar ruangan kelas.

Untuk itu, guru harus bisa membuat pilihan yang sesuai mulai dari apa yang diajarkan, bagaimana mengajarkannnya, materi dan sumber daya yang diperlukan hingga bagaimana mengevaluasi pertumbuhan belajar siswa.

• e)    Evaluasi

Modifikasi evaluasi yaitu menentukan suatu metode untuk mendokumentasikan penguasaan materi pembelajaran kepada siswa berbakat. Guru harus memastikan bahwa siswa berbakat mempunyai kesempatan untuk melakukan demonstrasi penguasaan materi pelajaran sebelumnya saat akan mengajarkan pokok bahasan, topik, ataupun unit baru mata pelajaran.

Selain itu, guru harus mendorong para siswa untuk mengembangkan rubrik atau metode lain untuk melakukan evaluasi proyek atau hasil studi mandiri milik mereka.

            Seperti yang kita ketahui, peserta didik masing-masing memiliki karakteristik tersendiri seperti model belajar dan pemahaman materi. Maka dari itu, dengan metode pembelajaran berdiferensiasi dapat memberikan dampak terhadap peserta didik. Dampak atau tujuan dari kelas atau peserta didik yang menerapkan pembelajaran diferensiasi yaitu :

1. a)      Murid akan merasa dihargai, karena mereka diajar berdasarkan karakternya.

1. b)   Guru dan murid berkolaborasi, sehingga bersifat proaktif untuk mendukung perkembangan muridnya.

1. c)      Adanya perkembangan dari setiap peserta didik, dikarenakan peserta didik diajarakn berdasarkan kemampuannya.

1. d)     Kebutuhan belajar murid terfaasilitasi dan dilayani dengan baik.

Dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa, metode pembelajaran memiliki peranan penting dalam dunia pendidikan. Metode pembelajarn berdiferensiasi merupakan salah satu metode yang paling tepat untuk kegiatan pembelajaran. Dikarenakan pada pasarnya pembelajaran berdiferesiasi sifatnya berfokus kepada kebutuhan belajar siswa. Sehingga dengan adanya penbelajaran berdiferensiasi siswa merasa akan terlayani terfasilitasi dikarenakan dia belajar berdasarkan pada kemampuannya. Selain itu juga metode ini memberikan keleluasaan kepada peserta didik untuk memilih apa mereka ingin pelajari, bagaimana cara belajar yang dikehendaki, dan produk belajar apa yang ingin dihasilkan.

 

REFERENSI

Astuti, W, Veni. 2021. Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi dan Penerapannya di Kelas. 30 Juni 2021. https://ayoguruberbagi.kemdikbud.go.id/artikel/pembelajaran-berdiferensiasi-dan-penerapannya-di-kelas/

Juniardi, Wilman. 2023. Pembelajaran Diferensiasi: Ciri-ciri, Prinsip Dasar, dan Contoh Penerapannya. 15 Januari 2023. https://www.quipper.com/id/blog/info-guru/pembelajaran-diferensiasi/

Tomlinson, C. A. (2001). How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed-Ability Classrooms. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education

https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2022/09/20/160400771/pembelajaran-berdiferensiasi--manfaat-ciri-dan-contoh-penerapannya/

https://ujione.id/mengenal-pembelajaran-berdiferensiasi/

 

 

 

 

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THE LOW INTEREST READING OF INDONESIAN STUDENTS

    Indonesian language learning has four components of language skills that must be mastered by student. These four components exist in every Indonesian language learning competency standard. According to Tarigan (2008:1), the four components are listening skills, speaking skills, writing skills and reading skills. As stated by Dawson in Tarigan (2008:1), the four skills are basically a single-chess that is interested. 

    

    Reading is one of the important ability which must be studied by students besides listening, speaking and writing for almost all levels school in Indonesia. Reading is a basic ability to stimulate literacy and accumulate the knowledge. One goal of reading is to understand and comprehend the materials. However reading learning does not go well. There are various factor causing the low interest of reading among Indonesia students.

    First of all, today students are generation who prefer everything instantly. This s due to their intensive use of technology since their childhood. They play, entertain, communicate and shop through technology. There is nothing wrong with this, actually, but knowledge must be used wisely. To have everything instantly causes today's student to see information from YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and other social media because the information is short and can be easily taken. As a result is that they do not like long text and do not value the reading materials.

    The second factor is the lack of family support. Surely every Indonesian would love reading and make it become a habit. Family is the first place for children to teach and love reading skills since their childhood.

    The third factor is the domination of oral tradition. Most of us prefer to speak than to write and read, and it causes us have no opportunity to read.

    The fourth factor is unsupportive environment. Most Indonesian grew up in an environment that have no habit and opportunity to read. When the writer was in elementary school, the writer still remember that the school had started their own library when the writer was in fifth grade. That means that the students before never had books to read except textbooks and at the time, school only focused on learning materials according to curriculum and did not spent time to read.

    Additionally, there are assumption that reading is the finishing for school paper. Most of students search the materials necessary to finish their homework. The students read just minimally-without the interest. After finishing the homework, reading stops and they will choose to play.

    The discussion above explain that there are various causes the low interest in learning reading. To increase the interest learning reading, Indonesian students must be supported by improving literacy knowledge, because reading is very important for our future. In this situation, the families and social life can be the motivators to improve the knowledge of reading.

References :

Afrom. 2013. Studi tentang Factor Penyebab Rendahnya Kemampuan Membaca. Anterior Jurnal, 13 (1), 122-131.

Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 2008. Membaca sebagai Suatu Keterampilan Berbahasa. Bandung: Angkasa.

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